The machine tool spindle refers to the axis that drives the workpiece or tool to rotate on the machine tool. The main shaft of a machine tool is usually composed of a main shaft, bearings, and transmission parts (gears or pulleys). There are mainly two types of high-speed spindles in practical applications:
The first type is a high-speed electric spindle with zero transmission. This type of spindle adopts the integrated structure of the motor and the machine tool spindle, and has undergone precise dynamic balance correction, so it has good rotation accuracy and stability, but it has a good impact on the output torque and power. Some restrictions.
The other is a spindle that combines a variable frequency spindle motor and a mechanical speed change mechanism. The torque and power output of this type of spindle are much larger, but the rotation accuracy and stability are relatively poor. Therefore, for this type of spindle, how to correctly design the machine tool spindle and its components has an impact on the machining accuracy of the machine tool. Critical.
Common faults and solutions of CNC machine tool spindles
1. The spindle without frequency conversion does not rotate
The cause of the failure and the treatment method:
① Caused by mechanical transmission failure: Check whether the belt transmission is broken or whether the machine tool is in neutral gear.
②The three-phase power supply to the spindle is lack of phase or reverse phase: check the power supply and exchange any two power lines.
③Incorrect circuit connection: carefully refer to the circuit connection manual to ensure that the connection is correct.
④The system has no corresponding spindle control signal output: use a multimeter to measure the signal output of the system. If there is no spindle control signal output, you need to replace the relevant IC components or send it to the factory for repair.
⑤The system has corresponding spindle control signal output, but the power supply circuit and control signal output circuit are disconnected or components are damaged: use a multimeter to check the power supply circuit between the system and the spindle motor, and whether the signal control circuit is disconnected; Open circuit; whether the contacts between the wires are in poor contact; whether the AC contactor and DC relay are damaged; check whether the thermal relay is over-current; check whether the fuse is burned, etc.
2. The spindle with frequency converter does not rotate
The cause of the failure and the treatment method:
① Caused by mechanical transmission failure: Check whether the belt transmission is broken or whether the machine tool is in neutral gear.
②The three-phase power supply to the spindle is lacking phase: check the power supply and exchange any two power lines.
③The inverter control parameters of the numerical control system are not opened: refer to the system manual to learn about the inverter parameters and change them.
④ The line connection between the system and the inverter is wrong: refer to the connection manual of the system and the inverter to ensure that the connection is correct.
⑤The analog voltage output is abnormal: use a multimeter to check whether the analog voltage output by the system is normal; check whether the analog voltage signal line is connected correctly or poorly, and whether the analog voltage received by the inverter matches.
⑥Breaking or damaged components of the strong current control part: check whether the contact connections of the main shaft power supply line are reliable, whether the line is broken, whether the DC relay is damaged, and whether the fuse is burned out.
⑦The inverter parameters are not adjusted properly: The inverter contains control mode selection, which is divided into inverter panel control spindle mode, NC system control spindle mode, etc. If the NC system control mode is not selected, the system cannot be used to control the spindle. Modify this Parameters; check whether the relevant parameter settings are reasonable.
3. The speed of the spindle without frequency conversion (shift spindle) is not controlled
Troubleshooting method for the cause of the failure:
①The system has no S01-S04 control signal output: check whether the system has a gear shift control signal output. If not, it is a system failure, replace the IC or send it to the factory for repair.
②Connection line failure: If the system has a shift control signal output, check whether there is an open circuit or poor contact in each connection line, and check whether the DC relay or AC contactor is damaged.
③The spindle motor is damaged or short-circuited: check the spindle motor.
④The machine is not in gear: put in gear.
4. the spindle has no brake
Troubleshooting method for the cause of the failure:
① The brake circuit is abnormal or the strong current components are damaged: check whether the bridge stack, fuse, and AC contactor are damaged; check whether the strong current circuit is open.
② Braking time is not long enough: adjust the braking time parameters of the system or inverter.
③The system has no brake signal output: replace the internal components or send it to the factory for repair.
④The control parameters of the inverter are not adjusted properly: refer to the instruction manual of the inverter and set the inverter parameters correctly.
5. The spindle stops immediately after starting
How to deal with the cause of the failure
①The system output pulse time is not enough: adjust the M code output time of the system.
②The inverter is in jog state: refer to the instruction manual of the inverter and set the parameters.
③The control components of the spindle circuit are damaged: check whether the contacts on the circuit are in good contact, and check whether the AC contactor of the DC relay is damaged, causing the contacts to not self-lock
④The main shaft motor is short-circuited, causing thermal relay protection: find the cause of the short-circuit and reset the thermal relay.
⑤The spindle control loop does not have a self-locking circuit, and the parameter is set to pulse signal output, so that the spindle cannot operate normally: change the start and stop parameters of the system to control the spindle to level control mode.
6. the spindle cannot stop rotating
Troubleshooting method for the cause of the failure:
① The AC contactor or DC relay is damaged and is closed for a long time and cannot be controlled: replace the AC contactor or DC relay.
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