As an important metal processing equipment, punching machine is widely used in the manufacturing industry. It punches metal sheets through dies and can quickly and efficiently produce parts of various shapes and sizes. However, in order to give full play to the performance of the punching machine and ensure processing quality and production safety, operators need to master certain usage skills.
Basic structure and working principle of punching machine
(I) Basic structure of punching machine
Punching machine is mainly composed of machine body, workbench, slider, clutch, brake, transmission mechanism, control system and other parts. The machine body is the main structure of the punching machine, which bears all the load of the punching machine. The workbench is where the mold and workpiece are placed. It can usually move forward and backward and left and right to adapt to molds and workpieces of different sizes and shapes. The slider is the actuator of the punching machine. It moves up and down along the guide rail of the machine body through the control of the clutch and brake to realize the stamping of the workpiece. The clutch and brake are the key components of the punching machine, which are used to control the movement and stop of the slider respectively. The transmission mechanism is a device that transmits the power of the motor to the slider, which usually adopts gear drive or belt drive. The control system is the brain of the punch press. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating the various parts of the punch press to realize the automatic operation of the punch press.
(II) Working principle of the punching machine
The working principle of the punching machine is to use the motor to drive the flywheel to rotate. The flywheel transmits power to the slider through the clutch, so that the slider moves up and down along the guide rail of the fuselage to punch the workpiece placed on the workbench. When the slider moves downward, the mold punches the workpiece, causing the workpiece to undergo plastic deformation to form the required shape and size. When the slider moves upward, the mold separates from the workpiece and completes a punching machine. The punching speed and pressure of the punching machine can be controlled by adjusting the working state of the clutch and brake. In addition, the punching machine can also punch workpieces of different shapes and sizes by replacing the mold.
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Preparation work before punching machine
(I) Check the various parts of the punching machine
Before operating the punching machine, the operator needs to check the various parts of the punching machine to ensure that the punching machine is in good working condition. The specific inspection contents include:
Check whether the fuselage has cracks, deformation and other damage.
Check whether the movement of the workbench is flexible and whether there is any jamming.
Check whether the up and down movement of the slider is smooth and whether there is any abnormal noise.
Check whether the clutch and brake are working properly and whether there is any slipping or locking.
Check whether the transmission mechanism is loose or worn.
Check whether the control system is working properly and whether there is any fault alarm information.
(ii) Select a suitable mold
Select a suitable mold according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed. The size and shape of the mold should match the workpiece to ensure the processing quality and production safety. When selecting a mold, you also need to consider factors such as the material, hardness, and wear resistance of the mold to ensure the service life of the mold.
(iii) Install the mold
Install the selected mold on the workbench. When installing the mold, you need to pay attention to the installation direction and position of the mold to ensure that the mold and the workbench match well. At the same time, you also need to use suitable fastening bolts to fix the mold on the workbench to prevent the mold from loosening during the stamping process.
(iv) Adjust the working parameters of the punching machine
According to the requirements of the workpiece to be processed, adjust the working parameters of the punch press, including stamping speed, pressure, stroke, etc. When adjusting the working parameters, you need to follow the operating procedures of the punch press and do not change the parameter settings at will to avoid affecting the processing quality and production safety.
(V) Clean up the work site
Clean up the work site and remove irrelevant items to create a clean and safe working environment for the operation of the punching machine.
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