Machining centre refers to the CNC machine tool with tool magazine, automatic tool change function, and multi-process machining after one clamping of the workpiece. Machining centre is a highly mechatronic product, after the workpiece is clamped, the CNC system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change tools according to different processes, automatic tool setting, automatic change of spindle speed, feed, etc., and can continuously complete a variety of processes such as drilling, boring, milling, reaming, tapping and so on. Thus greatly reducing the workpiece clamping time, measurement and machine adjustment and other auxiliary process time, the processing of more complex shape, high precision requirements, variety of parts with frequent replacement of good economic results. So, we often say three-axis, four-axis, five-axis machining centre what is the specific difference? Shanghai Antishi will focus on the difference between them for you.
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1. 3-axis machining centre
3-axis CNC milling is still one of the most popular and widely used machining processes. 3-axis vertical CNC machining centre is three axes with linear motion in different directions, which are up and down, left and right, and front and back, and the up and down direction is the main axis, which can rotate at high speed. In 3-axis machining, the workpiece remains fixed and the rotating tool cuts along the x, y and z axes. This is a relatively simple form of CNC machining that allows for the manufacture of simple structures and is not suitable for machining complex geometries or products with complex components.
Because it can only cut in three axes, machining speeds may also be slower than 4- or 5-axis CNCs, and the workpiece may need to be manually repositioned to obtain the desired shape.
2.4-axis machining centre
A four-axis vertical machining centre is a rotary axis added to the three axes, i.e. the horizontal plane can be rotated 360 degrees, not at high speed.
In 4-axis CNC milling, a fourth axis is added to the motion of the cutting tool, allowing rotation around the x-axis. There are now four axes – x-axis, y-axis, z-axis and a-axis (rotation around the x-axis). Most four-axis CNC machines also allow the workpiece to rotate in what is known as the b-axis, which allows the machine to act as both a milling machine and a lathe.
4-axis CNC machining is the way to go if you need to drill holes in the side of a piece or in the curved surface of a cylinder. It greatly speeds up the machining process and has high machining accuracy.
3.5-axis machining centre
A five-axis machining centre has one more axis than a four-axis machining centre that can rotate 360 degrees upright, not at high speeds, and this rotating axis is usually above the upper and lower axes, which are above the main spindle, and the fifth axis rotates around the y-axis, also known as the b-axis. Workpieces can also be rotated on some machines, sometimes referred to as the b-axis or c-axis. Five-axis machining centres can machine parts such as statues, impeller blades and integral leaf disks in a single pass, as well as using shorter tools for machining, improving system rigidity, reducing the number of tools and avoiding the need for specialised tools. For our business owners, it means that five-axis machines will save money when it comes to tooling costs.
Five-axis machining centres have two types of slewing.
Table rotary axis, the workpiece can be divided into any angle processing, processing of inclined surfaces and inclined holes, the selection of high-end CNC five-axis system and software RETP support, but also can process complex spatial surfaces, the advantages of this type of five-axis machining centre is that the structure of the spindle is simple, rigidity is also good, the disadvantage is that the load-bearing is relatively small.
Spindle swing head rotary, the front of the spindle is a rotary head design, the advantage is that the spindle processing can be very flexible, the worktable can carry some heavy, the use of spherical milling machining surface, the tool centre line and the machining surface of the perpendicular surface of the use of the spindle rotary can be effective in avoiding the apex of the cutting, you can ensure that the speed of the line, but also to improve the surface quality of the surface processing, the mould surface requires high precision selection of this structure is more. In order to achieve a more precise rotary accuracy requirements, can also be equipped with a scale. Accuracy can reach a few seconds, but the price is a little higher.
Summary：
Simply put, the five-axis machining centre is just more than the ordinary three-axis machining centre, four-axis machining centre more than two rotary direction, let’s say a vertical machining centre is a three-axis, if the machining workpiece in the processing of the left and right is the fourth axis of rotation, can be rotated around also can be rotated back and forth so that is the five-axis machining centre. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Shanghai ANTS Machine team. Welcome send your email for inquiry to contact@antsmachine.com
Tags: CNC machining centers,Machine center,5-axis machining center, CNC machine.
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