Grinding method of outer circle and step surface. How much do you know?

1、 Method of Cylindrical Grinding
1. Longitudinal grinding method
Longitudinal grinding is a commonly used grinding method. During grinding, the worktable is repeatedly fed longitudinally, the grinding wheel acts as a periodic cross feed, and the grinding allowance of the workpiece is removed in multiple reciprocating strokes.
The characteristics of longitudinal grinding method.
① In the whole width of the grinding wheel, the working conditions of the abrasive grains are different. The sharp corner on the left end of the grinding wheel bears the main cutting role. Part of the grinding allowance of the workpiece is cut off by the abrasive grains at the grinding wheel angle, while most of the abrasive grains on the width of the grinding wheel bear the role of reducing the surface roughness value of the workpiece. The longitudinal grinding method has good grinding force and heat dissipation conditions, and can obtain higher machining accuracy and smaller surface roughness value.
② Labor is inefficient.
③ Small grinding force, suitable for grinding slender, precise or thin-walled workpieces

2. Cut in grinding
The cut in grinding method is also known as cross grinding method. The outer circle length of the workpiece to be grinded should be less than the width of the grinding wheel. During grinding, the grinding wheel makes continuous or intermittent cross feed movement until all the allowance is removed. There is no longitudinal feed movement during grinding with the grinding wheel. A higher cut in speed can be used for rough grinding; The cutting speed is low during fine grinding to prevent the workpiece from burning and heating deformation.
Characteristics of cut in grinding method;
① The work pieces of abrasive grains are the same in the whole width of the grinding wheel, giving full play to the grinding effect of all abrasive grains. At the same time, because of the continuous cross feed, the basic time of grinding is shortened, so the productivity is very high.
② The radial grinding force is large, and the workpiece is prone to bending deformation, which is generally not suitable for grinding finer workpieces.
③ When grinding, large grinding heat is generated, and the workpiece is easy to burn and heat up.
④ The shape of the grinding wheel surface will be copied to the workpiece surface, affecting the surface roughness. In order to eliminate the above defects, a small lateral movement can be made at the end of the cut in method.
⑤ The cut in method is limited by the width of the grinding wheel, so it is only used to grind the cylindrical surface with short length.

3. Subsection grinding method
Rough grinding shall be carried out in sections, leaving 0.03-0.04mm. After the allowance, the longitudinal method shall be used for fine grinding to the size. This grinding method not only makes use of the advantages of high production efficiency of the cut in method, but also has the advantages of high machining accuracy of the longitudinal method. When grinding in sections, there should be 5-10mm overlap between two adjacent sections. This grinding method is suitable for grinding workpieces with good allowance and rigidity, and the length of workpieces should also be appropriate. Considering the grinding efficiency, a wider grinding wheel should be used to reduce the number of segments. When the length of the machined surface is about 23 times the width of the grinding wheel, it is a good condition.

4. Deep grinding
This is a widely used grinding method, which uses a large back cut to remove all grinding allowance of the workpiece in a longitudinal feed. As the basic grinding time is shortened, the labor productivity is high.
Features of deep grinding method:
① Suitable for grinding workpieces with good rigidity
② The grinder shall have high power and stiffness.
③ During grinding, small single direction longitudinal feed shall be adopted. The longitudinal feed direction of the grinding wheel shall face the headstock and lock the tailstock sleeve to prevent the workpiece from falling off. The grinding wheel shall have moderate hardness and good grinding performance.
2、 Grinding method of step surface
The step surface of the workpiece can be grinded by moving the worktable by hand with the end face of the grinding wheel after the excircle is grinded. During grinding, it is necessary to slightly withdraw the grinding wheel horizontally, manually rotate the workbench, feed intermittently after the grinding wheel contacts the end face of the workpiece, and pay attention to pouring sufficient cutting fluid to avoid burning the workpiece. In order to reduce the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece and improve the grinding quality, the end face of the grinding wheel can usually be modified into an internal concave shape.
When grinding the step surface, the grinding wheel is subjected to great lateral pressure. Therefore, the worktable should be moved carefully during operation. When the end face of the workpiece contacts the grinding wheel, you can tap the longitudinal feed handwheel gently with your hand, so that the feed is small and even.