Surface grinder is a metal cutting machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece through a high-speed rotating grinding wheel (or other abrasive tool) to obtain a high- precisión.Su main function is to remove the material from the surface of the workpiece by grinding, so that the workpiece meets the specified requirements of flatness, parallelism, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, and is widely used in machining, mold making, precision parts processing and other fields.
There are many factors that affect the machining accuracy of surface grinders, including the machine tool itself, the process parameters, the characteristics of the workpiece, operation and maintenance.The following is the classification analysis of the main influencing factors：
| Classification | Main influencing factors | Specific instructions |
| Structure and precision of the machine tool bed. | 1. Rigidity and stability of the machine tool | Insufficient rigidity of the bed, the column and other components can easily lead to elastic deformation or vibration, which affects the flatness; the accuracy of the guide rail (straightness, parallelism) directly affects the accuracy of the movement. |
| 2. Precision of the spindle system | Radial deviation of the spindle, axial movement and poor wear/lubrication of the bearing cause the rotation accuracy of the grinding wheel to decrease, which affects the surface roughness. | |
| 3. Effect of thermal deformation | The heating of the motor and the hydraulic system causes the components to expand, which causes the guide rail to distort or the spindle to shift; the local thermal expansion of the workpiece can lead to shrinkage and deformation after cooling. | |
| Grinding tool performance (grinding wheel)
|
1. Selection of grinding wheel parameters (abrasive, particle size, hardness, binder) | Abrasives must match the material of the workpiece (such as alumina grinding wheels for steel parts); particle size affects efficiency and roughness; hardness and binder need to balance self-sharpening and durability. |
| 2. Balancing and trimming of the grinding wheel | Poor dynamic balance causes vibrations; premature trimming or improper parameters (such as the angle of the diamond plume) can passivate, clog or distort the profile of the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel. | |
| Parameters of the grinding process
|
1. Grinding speed (grinding wheel linear speed, table feed speed | Too high a linear speed can easily cause abrasive particles to fall off, and too low a speed can easily burn the workpiece; too fast a feeding speed will increase the surface roughness and cause vibrations. |
| 2. Depth and grinding margin | The amount of back of feeding cutter should match the rigidity of the machine tool (rough grinding 0.05~0.1mm/time, fine grinding 0.005~0.01mm/time); insufficient/excessive margin affects the accuracy and efficiency. | |
| 3. Grinding direction and method of tool displacement | Unidirectional grinding (high precision) or alternative grinding (high efficiency); the power adjustment affects the uniformity of the surface texture, and attention should be paid to the switching impact. | |
| Characteristics of the workpiece and fastening | 1. Properties of the material of the workpiece (hardness, thermal conductivity, rigidity) | Soft grinding wheels for hard materials and hard grinding wheels for soft materials; materials with poor thermal conductivity need sufficient cooling; thin-walled/thin-walled parts are easy to deform due to clamping force and need auxiliary support. |
| 2. Método de sujeción (ventosa magnética, abrazadera de placa de presión, dato) | The magnetic suction cup should be clean and flat to prevent the warping of the workpiece; the pressure plate fitting needs to control the clamping force evenly; the uneven reference surface will cause the clamping to tilt. | |
| Cooling and lubrication system
|
1. Selección del fluido de molienda (tipo, caudal, presión) | Water-soluble refrigerant (coarse grinding) / oil-based fluid (fine grinding); insufficient flow rate causes grinding heat to accumulate and cause burns; it should be sprayed directly into the grinding area. |
| 2. Sistema de filtración | Grinding chips/particles from the grinding wheel without filtering will scratch the surface of the workpiece or clog the grinding wheel, reducing the grinding efficiency. | |
| Control system and operation | 1. Precisión del sistema CNC | Incorrect configuration of parameters, such as servo motor positioning and screw error compensation, can cause the trajectory of the workbench to deviate and affect the flatness. |
| 2. Factores de operación manual (cuchilla, recorte, juicio empírico) | The error in the alignment of the tool leads to an uneven margin; incorrect trimming parameters of the grinding wheel affect the profile; the grinding condition should be judged by spark/sound and adjusted parameters. | |
| Environment and maintenance | 1. Factores ambientales (temperatura, vibración, limpieza) | Temperature fluctuations exceeding ±1℃/h cause thermal deformation; vibration of peripheral equipment causes surface vibration patterns; dust/oil pollution exacerbates wear of mechanical components. |
| 2. Mantenimiento de equipos (lubricación de rieles, mantenimiento de husillos, inspección eléctrica) | Insufficient lubrication of the guide rail causes drag/wear; insufficient grease of the spindle bearing causes overheating; failure of the servo motor/encoder requires regular calibration. |
Case sharing
Recently, Shanghai ANTS Machine Equipment Co., Ltd received an application for a surface grinder from Egypt. After a detailed communication, the customer requested a 600×1000 mm workbench. The surface roughness requirements are Ra0. 63, and with PLC control panel, etc.De according to the customer’s needs, we combine the equipment as follows：
| Specifications | Units | M7163x12 | ||
| Size of the Work Table | mm | 630×1250mm | ||
| Max. grinding size(width * length * Height) | mm | 630×1250×600mm | ||
| Longitudinal movement of the workbench (hydraulic) | mm | 200-1350 | ||
| Table speed (stepless speed regulation) | m/minuto | 3-25 | ||
| Distance from the center of the grinding wheel to the work table | mm | 200-800 | ||
| Max.load capacity of the table (including the electromagnetic chuck) | kg | 1015 | ||
| Number of T-slots | pcs | 3 | ||
| Width of the T-slot | mm | 22 | ||
| Horizontal feed of the grinding head (stepless speed regulation)
|
continuous | m/min | 0.5-2.5 | |
| intermittent | mm | 3-30mm/table hit | ||
|
Maximum movement of the grinding head |
Horizontal (manual and hydraulic) | mm | 650 | |
| Vertical (manual and motorized) | mm | 600 | ||
| Dimensions (outer diameter * width * inner diameter) | mm | φ400×50×φ203mm | ||
| Minimum value of the vertical advance steering wheel | mm | 0.005 | ||
| Parallelism of the processed surface with the base surface | mm | 300:0.008 | ||
| Surface roughness | μm | Ra0.63 | ||
| Hydraulic pump | engine power | kw | 4 | |
| Rotation speed | r/min | 960 | ||
| Cooling pump | engine power | kw | 0.25 | |
| Rotation speed | r/min | 2790 | ||
Shanghai ANTISHICNC is a professional manufacturer of surface grinding machines. we have rich experience in production and processing, we can recommend the right surface grinding machine for your product and give you the right advice on the use of the different types of grinding machines. In addition, we mainly have surface grinding machines, cylindrical grinding machines, gantry grinding machines, etc. If you need a vertical lathe, welcome to contact Shanghai ANTISHICNC.Send your inquiry or questions to contact@antsmachine.com for instant feedback.
Keywords: Surface grinder, CNC surface grinder, Machining precision, Grinder processing, Flatness
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