The maintenance of the lathe body mainly refers to the maintenance of the lathe mechanical parts. Since the mechanical parts are in the process of motion and friction, their maintenance and repair are very important to ensure the accuracy of the lathe, such as cooling and lubrication of the spindle box, clearance adjustment and lubrication of the gear pair, guide pair and lead screw nut pair, preload of bearings, pressure and flow adjustment of hydraulic and pneumatic devices, etc. Due to the different functions, structures and systems of CNC lathes, their maintenance content and rules are also different. Specifically, according to the type, model and actual use of the lathe, and referring to the requirements of the lathe manual, the necessary regular and graded maintenance system should be formulated and established.
How to maintain the lathe body
(1) Keep the lathe in good lubrication state. Regularly check and clean the automatic lubrication system, add or replace grease and oil, so that the moving parts such as the lead screw and guide rail are always in good lubrication state to reduce the mechanical wear rate.
(2) Regularly check the hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Regularly test the hydraulic system for oil quality, replace the hydraulic oil, and regularly clean or replace the filters or filters of the lubrication, hydraulic, and air pressure systems. For the air pressure system, pay attention to timely draining the water separator.
(3) Regularly check and calibrate the lathe level and mechanical accuracy. There are two methods for calibrating the mechanical accuracy of the lathe: soft and hard. The so-called soft method is mainly through system parameter compensation, such as screw reverse clearance compensation, fixed-point compensation for each coordinate positioning accuracy, and lathe reference point position correction. The hard method is generally performed during the lathe overhaul, such as guide rail scraping, ball screw nut pair pre-tightening, reverse clearance adjustment, gear pair clearance adjustment, etc.
(4) Perform overtravel limit tests on each coordinate axis in a timely manner. Especially for limit switches, the limit switches are rusted due to cutting fluid and other reasons, and the lathe usually relies mainly on software limit protection. At critical moments, if the limit switch is rusted and does not work, it will cause collisions and even damage the ball screw, seriously affecting its mechanical accuracy. During the test, just press the limit switch by hand to see if an overtravel alarm occurs, or check whether the corresponding I/O interface input signal changes.
(5) Daily maintenance of CNC lathes. In order to keep the CNC lathe in good condition, in addition to timely repairs when a fault occurs, it is very important to insist on regular maintenance. Regular inspections and regular maintenance can eliminate many potential faults in the bud and prevent or reduce the occurrence of accidents. The content and requirements of daily maintenance of CNC lathes of different models are not exactly the same. For specific lathes, they should be carried out according to the provisions in the manual.
Daily maintenance methods of lathes
The following lists several general daily maintenance contents.
① Clean and lubricate the guide surfaces. Lathes with automatic lubrication systems should be checked regularly, clean the automatic lubrication system, check the oil level, add lubricating oil in time, and check whether the oil pump is started and stopped regularly.
② Check whether the automatic lubrication system of the spindle box is working normally every day, and replace the spindle box lubricating oil regularly.
③ Pay attention to check whether the cooling fan in the electrical cabinet is working normally, whether the air duct filter is blocked, and clean the adhered dust.
④ Pay attention to check the cooling system, check the liquid level, add oil or water in time, and replace and clean the oil or water when it is dirty.
⑤ Pay attention to check the spindle drive belt and adjust the tightness.
⑥ Pay attention to check the tightness of the guide rail strip and adjust the gap.
⑦ Pay attention to check whether the oil tank and oil pump of the lathe hydraulic system have abnormal noise, whether the working oil level is appropriate, whether the pressure gauge indicates normal, and whether there is leakage in the pipeline and joints.
⑧ Pay attention to check whether the lathe protective cover is complete and effective.
⑨ Pay attention to check the mechanical accuracy of each moving part to reduce shape and position deviation.
⑩ Clean the lathe before leaving get off work every day, clean the chips, wipe the coolant on the guide rail, and prevent the guide rail from rusting.
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