CNC lathes have high processing accuracy and can perform linear and circular interpolation. Some lathes’ CNC devices also have certain non-circular curve interpolation functions and can automatically change speed during processing. Therefore, their processing range is much wider than that of ordinary lathes. In view of the characteristics of CNC lathes, the following parts are most suitable for CNC turning.
Main objects of CNC lathe processing
(1) Rotating parts with high precision requirements. Since CNC lathes have good rigidity, high manufacturing and tool setting accuracy, and can easily and accurately perform manual compensation and automatic compensation, they can process parts with high dimensional accuracy requirements. In addition, the tool movement of CNC turning is achieved through high-precision interpolation calculations and servo drives. Coupled with the good rigidity and high manufacturing accuracy of the machine tool, it can process parts with high shape accuracy requirements such as generatrix straightness, roundness, and cylindricity. For arcs and other curved contours, the degree of closeness between the processed shapes and the geometric shapes required on the drawings is much higher than that of copying lathes. For example, if the inner ring of a bearing is processed by a hydraulic semi-automatic lathe or a hydraulic profiling lathe, multiple clamping is required, which will cause a large wall thickness difference and fail to meet the requirements of the drawing. If a CNC lathe is used instead, the turning of the raceway and the inner hole can be completed in one clamping, the wall thickness difference is greatly reduced, and the processing quality is stable.
(2) Rotating parts with particularly complex contour shapes. Since CNC lathes have linear and circular interpolation functions, and some lathe CNC devices also have certain non-circular curve interpolation functions, they can turn rotating parts with complex shapes composed of arbitrary straight lines and plane curves and parts with difficult-to-control dimensions, such as shell parts with closed inner molding surfaces. For example, molded inner cavity parts with a small mouth and a large belly cannot be processed on ordinary lathes, but can be easily processed on CNC lathes.
(3) Rotating parts with high surface roughness requirements. Some CNC lathes have a constant linear speed cutting function, which can process parts with small and uniform surface roughness values. When the material, fine turning allowance and tool have been selected, the surface roughness depends on the feed rate and cutting speed. When turning the conical surface and end face on an ordinary lathe, the surface roughness after turning is inconsistent due to the constant rotation speed, and only the roughness value at a certain diameter is the smallest. Using the constant linear speed cutting function of the CNC lathe, the optimal linear speed can be selected to cut the conical surface and end face, so that the surface roughness value after turning is both small and consistent. CNC turning is also suitable for turning parts with different surface roughness requirements in different parts. For parts with large roughness requirements, a large feed rate is used, and for parts with small requirements, a small feed rate is used.
(4) Rotating parts with special threads. CNC lathes can not only turn any straight, conical and end face threads with equal lead, but also turn threads with increasing lead, decreasing lead and threads that require a smooth transition between equal lead and variable lead. They can also turn high-precision modulus spiral parts (such as cylindrical and circular arc worms) and end face (disc-shaped) spiral parts. CNC lathes can be equipped with precision thread cutting functions, and generally use carbide forming tools and higher speeds. Therefore, the threads turned out have high precision and low surface roughness.
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